Not Without My Daughter Essay Example

Not Without My Daughter Paper Brian Gilbert used textual features such as lighting, camera angles, shots and music to demonstrate the conflict between the members of the Manhood family. Early in the movie there is a scene where Betty learns that Moody has no intentions of leaving Iran. Lighting and framing are used then to reflect the conflict. The room they are in is dark with very little light coming through a window. This low key lighting reflects the feelings of despair Betty feels. She feels Iran is a very primitive country and not a suitable place for her child to be raised. In addition, framing and angles are used to present the differences In power. Low angles shots are used to show Moody. The low angles reflect the power Moody has In the Iranian society. In contrast, high angle shots display Bettys lack of power, making her look small and weak. The differing angles and contrasting power they reflect foreshadow future confrontations between Betty and Moody. Lighting and framing were effectively used to show the shift in power in Iran. Later on in the movie, Moody finds Betty at the school and starts beating her, and hen Mammoth stands up to her father he hits her too. We will write a custom essay sample on Not Without My Daughter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Not Without My Daughter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Not Without My Daughter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this scene shots and framing are used to reflect the dominance of males in Iran. First, Brian Gilbert uses a high angle show Moody beating Betty. This shot effectively reflects how helpless Betty is in the Iranian culture where women have little to no rights. She can neither stand up to moody nor run away from him as he has absolute power over her. Furthermore, a long shot Is used when Moody hits Mammoth. This shot makes Mammoth look very small. Thus reminding the audience Just how different the laws In Iran are as Moody can hit his child and have no consequences for doing so. Brian Gilbert used shots and framing to portray how the newfound power has revealed just how violent Moody is and how he does not care about the well being of the rest of the family. Betty eventually escapes Moody control by leaving with a man who assists western women in similar predicaments. She calls Moody on the phone and an angry conversation ensues. Camera movement, sound and music were used to reflect the offering beliefs between the two countries and the changes in the familial conflict. For example, the camera pans around the room where Moody sits while talking on the phone with his family surrounding him. The pan allows the audience to see all of Moody family. The sheer number of people behind Moody reflects the customs In Iran as everyone views his abuse of Betty as commonplace. They do not question the morality of his violent actions nor do they care about the welfare of Betty. In Dalton, music and sound reflect a shift in power. There is no non-dietetic sound in the scene emphasizing ten conversation. I nee conversation Is Important Elector sound Decease it displays how much more confident Betty is now that she has escaped. It reflects the differences in roles of woman between American and Iranian culture as Betty is completely different when she no longer has to fear being beaten by Moody. She is now able to make her own decisions and choices. Music, sounds and camera movement were used in this scene to reflect the Iranians view of the conflict and how Betty and Mammoths freedom changed the conflict. In movies small things like the angle of a shot or the lighting of a scene can change the mood and interpretation of a scene. These subtle features were all used effectively in Not Without My Daughter to demonstrate a cultural conflict within the Manhood family. Each scene demonstrated different aspects of the familial conflict providing a clear image of how different the cultures Iran and America are. These differences not only affect familial relationships as demonstrated in the film, but also relations between the two countries.

Reflection Activity essayEssay Writing Service

Reflection Activity essayEssay Writing Service Reflection Activity essay Reflection Activity essayIncrease in the rate of social and economic life, the growth of information, and the rise in the quality requirements of higher education objectively necessitated the high activity of the student in his daily training activities. Thus, the problem of time management is very important for me.After reading three online articles, I found that all articles are very useful for their readers because they include many time management tips, discussing almost the same things but in different words. But choosing one article, I think that the article â€Å"Time Management 101 for Online Student† is the most helpful to me. This article gave me an understanding that it is impossible to manage time, but it is possible to consider time management as â€Å"managing yourself†. This idea changed my attitude to time management and allowed me to choose more effective strategies to improve my productivity.Dwelling on the tip, taking from the articles, I would like t o create a special checklist of all things that I need to accomplish. It will help me not to hold all things to do in mind and to check them off in the period of their completion.   It seems to me that a person needs to have an independent mind for the purpose of adopting the attitude of critical thinking because only a free thinker is able not to be dependent on the opinion of other people. The next two characteristics of a great importance are open-mindedness and a natural curiosity because they will help a person to investigate various viewpoints which are different from the own and to produce the decision on the base of own attitude to the issue.Recently I have encountered some critical thinking hindrances which were based on basic human limitations. These limitations demonstrated that there are no perfect people, and human understanding of all the information, including some facts and memories, is based on existing experience. So, it is necessary to be more adequate in reacti ng on the issue at hand.To conclude, I have discussed several issues connected with time management and critical thinking, and realized that the use of some tips may improve my life and help me not only control my time, but also make some changes in reactions on ordinary things.

O Captain, My Captain!

O Captain, My Captain! O Captain, My Captain! O Captain, My Captain! By Maeve Maddox Reader Cathy poses this question: Is the proper use of helm at the helm or under the helm? She gives this example of the use of the latter: The tennis team, under the helm of second-year head coach John Doe, advanced to the championship round. What we have here is the decomposition of a dead metaphor. The word helm has more than one meaning in English, but in the context of leadership it derives from a metaphorical use of this definition: helm: the handle or tiller, in large ships the wheel, by which the rudder is managed. The mariner guiding the ship stands at the helm. Metaphorically, anyone in charge of an endeavor is at the helm. The word can also be used as a verb: Early talkies were helmed by producers who had learned their trade with silent films. A new coach takes the helm. If the team he has been hired to lead is under the helm, the players must be lying about on the deck. However†¦ A search of under the helm brought two million Google hits. Clearly a lot of writers are using the expression. To answer the readers question, at the helm is the proper version, but the wide use of under the helm may signal a new incarnation of a dead metaphor. Helm may be taking on the new definition of leadership. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing50 Idioms About Roads and PathsGlimpse and Glance: Same or Different?

Management of chronic pain control in cancer Essay

Management of chronic pain control in cancer - Essay Example In one year more than 500 people in 100,000 will be diagnosed with cancer within the United Kingdom (Cancer Research UK, 2012). The same site states that the survival rate for all cancers has now reached 50%, with some types having a very high 5 year survival rate of 95% and with women generally having a higher survival rate than men. Treatment will have included such things as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, all of which play their part in either removing or destroying cancer cells. Such treatment though has its costs and it is a normal experience to have some pain after cancer surgery. Most of this will fade after time, but in some cases pain can persist for months or years, especially if nerves are damaged. After radiation therapy there may be pain which eventually resolves. In some cases though pain can develop a long way down the line. Chemotherapy can also result in pain and numbness. Some people may also find that they are liable to migraines, low back pain and other t ypes of pain ( Cancer.net, 2012). All of these pains require treatment, but often patients are worried about taking large amounts of analgesics, and may not reveal the extent of their problems. Fullen et al( 2006) point within schools of both medicine and nursing the amount of time spent teaching students about pain relief varies considerably, which will contribute to a patchy service when it comes to pain relief, simply because of inadequate training in some areas. This in turn means that more patients suffer to a greater extent than they need do, and also increase time off work and in hospital, at great cost to themselves and to the country’s health service., Chronic pain has been defined as† having pain on a daily basis for more than six months† (Fullen et al, 2006). Cancer is a term used for more than one hundred diseases in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissues as well as spreading to other parts of the body through such me ans as the lymphatic and circulatory systems. It affects both organs and mechanisms. This multiplicity of possibilities requires very individualised treatment at every stage from diagnosis on through treatment and into survivorship. The Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (2004) describes how a diagnosis can mean a person feels isolated, anxious, angry and depressed. It might well be assumed that once a cure has been achieved all this could be put behind them, but persistent pain is a very real issue in many cases, as could be psychological issues. Some will feel exalted that they have survived such a major threat, but others may continue to see themselves as a victim, especially if there are long term physical differences, as for example if there is the need for a permanent colostomy, or a man becomes impotent. Within the United Kingdom in 2012 it was declared that treatment for cancer is becoming ever more successful (Department of Health, 2012). The cure is not always the fin al end of pain however. The patient and his family have had to deal with the shock of diagnosis, the progress of the disease and then the joy of the

Operational Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Operational Plan - Essay Example In this regard, for AllPharm in its unique place, adaptability and inter-departmental integration seem to be the most important factors affecting how well AllPharm fulfils the requirements for meeting its target. Vision and Values As stated earlier the core objective of any for-profit organization is earning profit for its shareholders. However how this profit is desired to be earned over time is prescribed by the vision of its owners. The pharmaceutical industry is on a high in this era and is considered an ever-green industry – that sees up and downs but can never go into a recession because the medical needs of human beings never end. For this reason, AllPharm’s vision has a substantial emphasis on sustainability and growth. And because of this vision, its reputation among its customers and employer unions is vital to its long-term interests. This is why AllPharm has an assertive code of ethics that is intended to be followed by employees from top to bottom in its or ganizational hierarchy. The company has a stated policy that it â€Å"values its customers as human beings more than it wants to provide them value for service as customers.† It is mandatory for office managers to display a printed code of ethics on notice-boards in every office and on walls in the production facilities and laboratories. The Human Capital Management division staff is regularly briefed on the importance of incorporation of human attributes in addition to candidate portfolio in the selection criteria for hopeful applicants for jobs at the company. Upper Hierarchy There are broadly three floors of management in any sizable organization, namely the top or governance level, the departmental management and the lower or direct personnel management. For an effective top-down approach to governance it is imperative that every post have as few subordinates as possible; this is the basic principle of AllPharm’s administrative structure. The President has no more than two Directors working under him. Hence the operations of the company are divided into two main categories: Production and Marketing. Together the two Directors and the President comprise the executive branch in the organizational structure. The President’s main responsibilities include devising developmental policies based on continuing market research and resource availability, supervising the Quality Control department, moulding production practices based on the latest legal stipulations and allocating staff and resources based on his own judgement of the overall industrial scenario. The Directors each take care of completely separate functions of the organization and integration and communication between the two departments is maintained by the liaison officers of the Sales Department. Both the Directors are accountable for all their position-based responsibilities except looking after staff lower than that working directly under them. This is the crux of an employee relationship principle that AllPharm has adopted known in the organization as the â€Å"charity begins at home† principle. Service Structure In the mid-level management structure AllPharm has four General Managers, specifically for Manufacturing, and Quality Control, which fall under the supervision of

Energy drinks Essay Example for Free

Energy drinks Essay An energy drink is a drink which contains drugs that increases levels of nervous activity in the body, mainly caffeine, which is known for its mental or physical stimulation. Energy drinks may or may not be carbonated, and contain large amounts of caffeine and other stimulants drugs, and many also contain sugar, herbal extracts and amino acids. They are sub branches of the group of energy products, which includes bars and gels. Energy drinks comes in many brands, qualities, flavors and varieties. Positive Points: 1. Significant amount of improvement in mental and cognitive performances as well as increased alertness. 2. It’s been suggested that the reversal of some components present in caffeine helps in leaving a good effect on mood and one’s performance. 3. After many tests it is observed that in young healthy adults an energy drink significantly increased upper body muscle strength. 4. Energy drinks help in improve memory. 5. Energy drinks improve circulation of blood in your brain, ears and eyes. 6. Many energy drink companies use fruits and herbs that are healthy (for example: berries they protect your body cells from oxidation). Negative points: With 30 to 50 percent of teens are taking energy drinks on daily basis, there are disadvantages of drinking these drinks, especially in children and teenagers, because they cannot safely consume as much caffeine as adults can. 1. Energy drinks are very high in sugar level, containing up to 35 grams of sugar per drink, which is above the recommended amount of sugars for women of 25 grams per day and very close to the recommended daily limit of 37.5 grams per men. Consuming a lot of added sugars increases your risk for obesity, because added sugars provide extra calories. 2. The caffeine in energy drinks increases the speed with which the alcohol is absorbed by a body making it more likely a person will stay awake long enough to consume more alcohol than a body would otherwise be able to. 3. The risks can be lessened by sticking to the recommended limts, which are listed on every drink, and by controlling the consumption of energy drinks by drinking one drink in a day. Extra ingredients , like amino acids, taurine, guarana and ginseng, are added in such small amounts that they are not likely to give any beneficial health effects or cause any negative side effects. Suggestion: 1. For many people, occasional drinks are fine, but try your best to limit yourself to about 500 milliliters a day. If youre consistently fatigued or rundown, however, figure a better and healthier way to boost your energy. Get good sleep, include yourself physical activity in your routine, and eat a healthy food. If these things dont help, consult your doctor. Sometimes fatigue is a sign medical condition, such as hypothyroidism or anemia. 2. There are energy drinks which are not recommended, If you have a heart disease or high blood pressure, consult your doctor if energy drinks may cause complications. Pregnant women and women who are breast-feeding may want to especially limit consumption of these beverages. 3. With the growing popularity of energy drinks on daily basis, most of the parents are concerned about how much caffeine their kids are taking. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that adolescents get no more than 100 milligrams of caffeine a day. Younger children shouldnt drink caffeinated beverages on a regular basis.

The Metaphysical One in Platonic and Augustinian Thoughts Essay

The legacy of Plato left its distinctive brand of influence on St. Augustine's beliefs and writings, of this there is no doubt. In Confessions, Augustine himself professed that it was the Platonic books that enabled him to attach himself to his God. However, it is evident that Augustine re-augmented much of the Platonic thoughts and, combining them with the early Christian doctrines, configured the hybrid into what became the foundation of Catholicism. The differences—as well as similarities—that exist between the two thought systems can be dissected from two points: the nature of the metaphysical supreme One and its relationships with the Many. At the heart of Platonism is the concept of eidos, or Forms: the theory of an absolute and unchangeable Idea that is manifest in all things that are made so by its essence. One of the best definitions of the concept is offered in "Meno" in regards to the Form of Virtue: "†¦what is this very thing, in which [the individual virtues] are all the same and do not differ from each other? †¦ Even if they are many and various, all of them have one and the same Form which makes them virtues." ("Meno", 72c, p61.) Plato searched for not individual aspects of a concept but the exact, complete definition of it. It is clear that he did not concern himself with the physical realities of the world but rather The Reality, the Immaterial which supercedes the Material. The questions then rises about Plato's attitudes towards the pagan gods and his belief about the totality of the universe. Judging from the absence of Greek deities from the Dialogues, one is compelled to believe that Plato thought of the conventional gods as unnecessary and sought after the very Being of the universe, which is the eterna... ...ate Good the soul can achieve nothing. In addition, Augustine evidently was most anxious to attack Manicheism, hence altogether rejecting that God is within human beings (a notion echoed by the Manicheans) would have been essential. In his Confessions, Augustine successfully remolded Platonism to match his Christian ideals and interpretations. According to Platonism, the abstract eidos is the metaphysical perfect existence and the primal Universal Principle can be perceived as the Form of Being. Augustine took after Plato in his belief of an eternal, immaterial and unifying One, but his God departs from its Platonic counterpart in that He is active, personal, and ultimately the only hope of human salvation. Still, through Augustine and the Catholic Church, the pantheistic Platonism and its metaphysical One has survived throughout the Middle Ages into the present.

Ecology Sin and Ecology Salvation for Today

In this humble paper, I the writer will discuss the ecological sins and ecological salvation. Even though there may have many ecological sins and salvation according to ecologists and theologians, this short paper will emphasize the Christian doctrine of original sins to help well understanding resent ecological sins; observe that the main or the foundation of ecological sins as neglect of the biblical doctrine of creation; and express awaking manifesto on ecological sins.And regarding ecological salvation, the writer of this humble paper will emphasize creation care and attempted work of our Lord Jesus Christ; then conclude with the writer personal understanding of ecological sins and salvation. L. Ecological Sins According to William H. Becker, the Christian doctrine of original sin can help clarify our understanding of the resent Ecological crisis, to understanding of current Ecological sins in four respects.It can expose to view:l (1) the powerful role of social and economic forc es that promote ecological self-destructiveness and have the appearance of â€Å"necessity† or â€Å"destiny,† though they involve human choice; (2) our culture's pervasive confusion of material success with spiritual fulfillment; (3) our diction to what we know is destroying us; and (4) the totalitarian character of our ecocide mentality, which influences all dimensions of our culture, diminishing our ability to reason even as it distorts our desiring and willing.The doctrine of original sin helps us see that we are socializing ourselves to sin ecologically. Our present anti-ecological behavior is thoroughly rooted in a social context actively supported and promoted by a powerful process of colonization and education. 2 In his book The Poverty of Affluence, Paul Yachted suggests that this ecological destructiveness mess logical and attractive because we have socialized ourselves to see economic well-being, which requires ever-increasing economic growth, as the primary symbol and proof of personal and social success, worthiness, identity, and meaning. Thomas Berry describes Americans today as â€Å"autistic† with respect to nature. We are a people â€Å"so locked up in themselves that no one and nothing else can get in†¦. We are talking to ourselves. We are not talking to the river; we are not listening to the river. â€Å"4 Walker's pointed application of original sin to the ecological issue serves to Reese again our question, why is it that ecological theologian have, in general, avoided reference to this doctrine? Examination of some of their writings suggests the following answers. First, many theologians concerned with ecology have concluded that Christianity abysmal record on this issue is due largely to its central focus on the process of human redemption from sin, hence on Christ the redeemer, with a consequent deemphasizes on God as Creator, on God's presence in and concern with all of creation. Matthew Fox's â€Å"creatio n spirituality† and Thomas Berry's argument that the Christian â€Å"creed itself is overbalanced in favor of redemption†¦. Creation becomes increasingly less important. 6 In the second place, emphasis upon the fall of humankind and original sin suggests that the world as a whole is fallen. â€Å"A fall or redemption tradition,† writes Matthew Fox, â€Å"by devaluation the spirituality of matter, has led people to believe that spiritual depth consists in letting go of things† by ascetically separating oneself from this world. Restoring the dignity and spiritual integrity of the material world, according to this logic, seems to entail De-emphasis on he fall and original sin. Third, ecological theologians avoid this doctrine because it is the basis for the doctrine of salvation by a divine savior.Original sin understands human nature to be so distorted (â€Å"totally depraved†) by sin that it no longer possesses a clear apprehension of God's goodness a nd love and is inclined inevitably to choose what is evil. Given this utterly fallen condition, humanity is not capable of saving itself; a divine savior is required. 8 In an interesting passage, Thomas Berry argues that Paul stressed the doctrine of original sin precisely because he wished to eighteen the significance of Jesus the Christ as a savior. â€Å"In order to exalt the Christ redemptive process, SST.Paul has to have something that we need to be redeemed from. â€Å"9 More recently, according to Howard A. Snyder for evangelical worldview one of Ecological sins is Neglect of the biblical doctrine of creation. 10 Evangelicals often neglect the prior biblical doctrine of creation itself. Biblically speaking, the doctrine of new creation depends upon a right understanding of the original creation. In practice, Evangelical theology often begins with Genesis 3 rather than Genesis 1 . All are sinners in need of God's saving grace.But biblical theology does not begin with sin; it begins with creation. Human beings-?man and woman together-?are created in the image of God and placed in a garden which also reflects God's nature. Scripture consistently grounds God's glorious work through Jesus Christ by the Spirit in both creation and redemption. Jesus Christ is both â€Å"the firstborn of all creation† and â€Å"the firstborn from the dead†-?affirmations that unite creation and redemption (Cool. 1:15, 1:18). In the Book of Revelation, God is praised in hymns celebrating both creation (Rev. :1 1) and redemption through the blood of Christ (Rev. :9). In the Old Testament, the Sabbath, so full of scatological portent, is grounded both in creation (Ex. 20:11) and redemption from Egyptian slavery (Duet. 5:15). It is remarkable the way Scripture consistently holds together the themes of creation and redemption. The biblical doctrine of redemption through the cross presupposes the doctrine of creation, and redemption can never be understood in a fully b iblical way unless the full story of creation, and not Just human creation, is kept in view. L For we Chin people today, according to Awaking Declaration ecological sins are:12 hafting cultivation system which caused green hilly ranges transformed into bald and denuded hills through this traditional cultivating system; the practice of felling trees and wanton setting of fires to the Jungles resulting in dried up spring and streams, causing deterioration in soil and change of climates; and the system of free- to-roam domestic animals which cause havoc to cultivation. II. Ecological Salvation A.Creation Care â€Å"The heavens are telling the glory of God, and the firmament proclaims his handiwork† (As. 19:1). God created the universe to glorify himself and to assist his human creation in praising him. We should care for the environment for God's sake. Caring for and protecting the world God has made is part of our worship and service. We care for creation for God's sake. We sho uld care for creation as if our life depended on it-?because it does. Scripture is the story of God's people serving God in God's land. If God's people are faithful, the land prospers.Conversely, if the land suffers, we suffer. This is a repeated theme in much of Old Testament literature-?in the law, the prophets, and the wisdom literature. It comes to particular focus in the Jubilee legislation of Leviticus 25-26. The key fact is ecological interdependence. If we care about people, we will care for the land and air and multiplied species on which our well-being depends. We should care for the created order because it has its own God-given right to exist and flourish, independently of its relationship to us. The world after all is God's handiwork, not ours.God created the universe for his good purposes, not all of which are yet known to us. We need, therefore, a certain scatological humility and reserve. We are to honor God's creative work and to fulfill our responsibilities as stew ards of what he has made. Since all God's creatures reflect God's glory and have a place in God's plan, they are part of legitimate Christian concern. If God cares for and about the creatures, so should we. 13 B. Redemption Jesus' incarnation displays the love and concern of God for his creation (CB. JNI. 3:16).Jesus came to save not only humanity, but the whole earth. Humanity and the earth are inextricably bound together: we are to care for the earth; our fall resulted in the earth; and now our redemption results in the redemption of the earth, hence we have the onerous task of fulfilling the cultural mandate by proclaiming the gospel to al of creation. Jesus on the cross redeemed the whole of creation: the cross has global effects. The cross lies at the heart of Christianity; it follows, then, that it must be central to a Christian environmental ethic.The imagery of the cross represents all that Jesus has done: the cross is Pall's unique shorthand means of referring to Jesus' dea th, resurrection and all that it has accomplished. There, are, particularly in the Pauline passages, several ecological implications of the cross: it affirms that the earth is the Lord's. The work that Jesus began in redemption on the cross, he will finish at is Prussia. The earth is involved in redemption, and it too will be involved in the consummation.The earth is never seen as a machine or as raw material, but as the scene of God's redemptive action, and as such it will be renewed at the Prussia: redemption includes a transformation of the earth. 14 More recently the Awaking declaration of ecological salvation goes:1 5 abandoning the system of shifting cultivation which causes developing the chins from their habitat; forsaking the felling down of trees without restriction and setting fire to the Jungles; and quitting unrestrained feeling down of natural vegetation and setting wild fires to the Jungles.Conclusion For the writer personally, the ecological sin is the results of mis interpreting on the creation story on the bible; it is wrong relationship to our fellow creations; it is disobeying the great commission of God and responsibility to steward of creation. We have a great commission and a wonderful opportunity to make Jesus Christ known today-?to proclaim the gospel of the kingdom; to declare God's glory among the nations. We have a stewardship to fulfill that is a stewardship of creation, and a tidewaters of God's many-colored grace (l Apt. 4:10), which is our essential resource.We want to see creation healed, and we are hopeful because God has promised it will be so. We especially want to see our brothers and sisters throughout the earth healed of the disease of sin, brought into new-creation life through Jesus Christ and the Spirit. We want to live and proclaim the good news of the kingdom of God so that more and more people worldwide keep covenant with God and with his good earth that is in the assurance that â€Å"the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to cay' and ‘the earth will be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.

Terror and Repression in Nazi Germany

One of the key proponents of Nazi ideology was a promise to birth a new Germany. This promise of national rebirth resonated strongly in the early 1930s, when the Weimar Republic was shaken to the core by economic and political crisis. At the centre of the Nazi vision stood the ‘national community’, depicted as the polar opposite to the conflict- ridden Weimar society. In a speech witnessed by the nation in January 1932, one year before his appointment as German chancellor, Adolf Hitler concluded that the resurrection of Germany depended on the creation of a ‘healthy, national, and strong’ community.But Hitler made clear that not everyone would be allowed to join: those who endangered the ‘body of the people’ had to be ruthlessly excluded. This was no joke. Hitler and other Nazi leaders had talked for years about the need to ‘cleanse’ Germany of various ‘community aliens’ (Gemeinschaftsfremde). Only by removing from soci ety all that was alien, sick, and dangerous, they claimed, could the uniform ‘national community’ emerge. Nazi leaders had no complete plan for the execution of their devastating vision.But it was clear that they envisaged, from early on, a fierce campaign of repression, targeting three groups in particular: political opponents (predominately left), social outcasts, and ‘racial aliens’ (Jews). Well before they gained power, the Nazis believed that an extensive policy of exclusion was needed for national salvation: their dream of a brighter future for Germany was always a dream of terror and destruction for those unfortunate enough to stand in the way.After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, he took every opportunity to turn Germany into a one-party dictatorship. He also strategized carefully to arrange the police power necessary to implement his long-term policies of racial purification and European conquest both inside an d outside the legalities of the German constitution. On the night of February 27-28, 1933, a mentally disabled Dutch citizen set fire to the German parliament building, the Reichstag.Hitler and his propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, presented the incident as the prelude to an armed Communist uprising and persuaded the then President Paul von Hindenburg to establish what became a permanent state of emergency. This decree, known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, suspended the provisions of the German constitution that protected basic individual rights, including freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and freedom of assembly.The decree also allowed increased state and police intervention into private life, allowing officials to censor mail, listen in on phone conversations, and search private homes without a warrant or need to show reasonable cause. Essentially, the lives of all German citizens were controlled, and repression was vehemently practiced. Under the state of emergency esta blished by the decree, the Nazi regime could seize and detain citizens without reason and without restrictions on the length of imprisonment.Nazi policy against those on the borders of society involved various forms of discrimination. Social outcasts were excluded from an ever increasing number of benefits—from marriage loans to social housing—and those still on welfare had their benefits cut dramatically. Numerous cities established special ‘colonies’ where ‘anti-social’ and ‘degenerate’ families, were forced to live in a strictly controlled environment. On top of this, regional and national centers were set up to collect data on suspected individuals, such as abortionists and homosexuals.This was not just about keeping an eye on them. It was also supposed to aid their detention, and inject even more terror into a country stricken with it. Hitler and the Nazi regime also resorted to simple and extra-legal terror to intimidate opp onents (in a political sense). Nazi paramilitary formations, such as the Sturmabteilungen or SA, more commonly known as Storm Troopers and the Protection Squads (Schutzstaffel or SS), had been established during the 1920s to terrorize political opponents and to protect Nazi leaders.After the Nazis came to power, many members of these units were recruited as auxiliary policemen and given license to beat or kill persons at any given time, who they deemed to be opponents. Gleichschaltung was a word made up by the Nazis to describe their plans to establish totalitarian control over German political, economic and social life. By 1934, almost 1 million Germans gathered around the nation to declare a personal oath of loyalty to Hitler. For those who were not so enthusiastic, the Nazi reign of terror began almost immediately.Following their assumption of power, the Nazisswayed the state via propaganda, legal exclusion, intimidation, imprisonment and murder to eliminate any opposition to the ir revolution. After the Reichstag fire, socialists, communists and Democrats were taken to Dachau, one of the first Nazi concentration camps. The brutal reputation of Himmler’s secret police ensured that people who did not actively support the Nazis were too frightened to oppose them. While Gleichschaltung was used to describe the legal measures taken by Hitler and the Nazis from 1933 to 1934, this process continued until all aspects of German society were under Nazi control.By 1937, the Nazis controlled Germans’ political, cultural and social lives to an unprecedented degree. â€Å"The period from 1933 to around 1937 was characterized by the systematic elimination of non-Nazi organizations that could potentially influence people, such as trade unions and political parties. The regime also challenged the influence of the churches, for example by instituting the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs under Hanns Kerrl. Organizations that the administration could not elimi nate, such as the schools, came under its direct control. †

American Foreign Policy During the Cold War Essays - Free Essays

American Foreign Policy During the Cold War Essays - Free Essays American Foreign Policy During the Cold War Assess the impact of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War. Assess the impact of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War. The Cold War, distinct for its sustained military and political tensions, dominated global politics for over half a century; therefore, it is not surprising that its origins has been one of the most debated topics in not only the study of American diplomatic history but the world. The Cold War was more as a result of American foreign policy, as by establishing a policy that aimed to prevent the spread of communism it provoked Soviet aggression which as a result set the foundations of intensified tension among two of the world greatest superpowers. In this respect American foreign policy undeniably impacted on the Cold War; a view supported by historians such as William A.Williams. Alternatively, other historians have also increasingly come to a consensus that the Cold War was fundamentally a conflict of diverging ideologies as expressed by John Lewis Gaddis neither superpower can be held solely responsible for the ideological war. That said other factors such as the growing lack of t rust and post-war tension among both superpowers, emphasised in the post-revisionist theory, and the Soviet expansionist policies were also influential in bringing about the Cold War. Nonetheless the importance of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War cannot be undermined, as due to its fundamental shift from a long standing effort to reach agreements to a determination to limit Russias expansionism, it increased American involvement and as a result escalated tensions among both superpowers. In a letter from the then Secretary of Commerce, Henry A.Wallace urged Truman to build mutual trust and confidence in order to achieve an enduring international order. He also gave a speech which focused on the necessity of a political understanding with Russia, and that capitalist and communist systems should compete on a friendly basis and gradually become more alike. However the way in which Trumans administration reacted to Wallaces speech by dismissing him, symbolises the distance American foreign policy had moved since the close of World War II. This shift in dynamics of American foreign policy is marked by the use of policies such as the Marshall Plan but in particular the Truman Doctrine, which not only acted as an intrusive intervention into European affairs but also an indirect attack on the Soviet Union. Trumans motives could be numerous, as in addressing the Congress he may have exaggerated Soviet threat, in order to secure the funds. Nonetheless it did in fact have the desired effect as Truman managed to convince both the Congress and the American people, which were isolationist and averse to spending U.S. dollars on a remote region that did not seem to fit into U.S. strategic need. Therefore whilst Truman promised salvation to the world he intentionally took it upon the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. That said, the official justification for the Truman Doctrine was to support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. However Stalin was not interested in aiding Greek communist cause as whilst Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania provided assistance to the Greek communist guerrillas Stalin wanted, in fact, to cap Titos ambitions. This shows how the belief of a Soviet threat that shaped the Truman Doctrine was based on false assumptions. Moreover the fact that the Soviet Union had been less aggressive in the months before the presidents announcement than any time in the post-war period strengthens the contradictory nature of the Truman doctrine. Consequently the impact of the Truman Doctrine exemplifies the significance of American foreign policy in bringing about the Cold War and also leading to a growth of U.S involvement in international relations, since the Doctrine was later used to justify American intervention in the affairs of other sovereign states. In a wider context the Doctrine symbolises the United States post-world war II global leadership role, as the drastic change in strategies translated into Americas foreign policy deepened tensio ns that ultimately brought about the Cold War. Conversely, the Soviet Union

Business Transformation Management Methodology

Transformational plans are implemented in an organization thereby providing them better facilities and strategies for improving the future growth of the firm. It helps in diagnosing the opportunities that the firm could enhance, thereby providing them with the scope to achieve its vision and objectives. Transformational planning is coordinated with the organizational change, which helps in imposing new and altered business processes or procedures (Gollenia, 2016). It helps in accepting the sponsors of the related systems. The main objective of the transformational changes being implemented in an organization is to transfer knowledge and skills thereby enabling the users to adopt the new vision, mission, and systems and to identify the minimum sources of resistance to the changes. Semco is an industrial machine manufacturing company with its headquarters in brazil. This company manufactures machine pumps for shipbuilding industry. During the recession era of 1980, the company had faced some tough situations where the company had typical hierarchical management structures with a patriarchal figure as a leader (Mintzberg, 1994). The organization had set some rules and regulations that had the control; over every aspect of the activities undertaken in the firm. The founder’s son Richard Semler had undertook the responsibility of managing the organization and returning back its prosperity as before. In order to do so, he had strategically framed some transformational plans for the firm. He aimed at radically transforming the organization thereby dealing with consistent poor performance (Maresco & York, 2005). According to the transformational plan that had been undertaken by Semler, he had dismissed all the top management heads and had dismantled the layer of managers in the firm. It reduced the hierarchy of the firm from seven to three. He eliminated the job titles that were used by the employees in the organization, and had rotated the position of chief operating officer among the workers in a span of 6 months. The organization had aimed at maintaining transparency in the salaried that were paid and the workers were given the opportunity to set their own working hours according to their convenience. The organization had accepted diversification rather than the maintenance of heavy reliance on the industry. The transformational plan that has been implemented by the organization is universally applicable. It is quite motivating and attention seeking dor the workers. These kinds of plans show its total dependency and the importance of the workers that the firm holds. It helps in maintaining the sustainability of the firm and raiding the loyalty of the workers towards the firm. There are three forms of motivations achieved by the workers of an organization, which helps them in sustaining their trust towards the firm. These categories of motivational theories could be named as content theories, process theories and reinforcement theories of motivation.   The content theories of motivation help us to understand human needs and the response of people with different needs. The process theories of motivation offer additional insights into how people give meaning to rewards and then respond with various work-related behaviours. The reinforcement theory of motivation focuses attention on the environment as a major source of rewards and influence on human behaviour. According to the case study of Semco, it could be stated that the company had quite efficiently implemented the transformational changes, which had helped the firm in regaining their old profit aspects. Richard Semler had implemented various strategies that would positively affect the workers of the organizations. These facilities were considered as an important tool for the firm to regain the organization from its deceased state and thereby sustaining growth in the market. According to the three categories of motivational theories, the company had implemented the content theories where, Semco had followed Herzberg’s Motivational Theory, Mcclelland’s Human Motivation Theory, Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Theory and ERG. Under Herzberg’s Theory Of Motivation, it could be stated that the theory deals with the factors which maintains the cause for job satisfaction. Under this context, it has stated that there are two factors, which sustain the satisfaction to be attain ed from jobs in an organization. These two factors are motivators and hygiene factors  (Park, 2013) . Motivators deals with the positive access of work that are acknowledged by the works , whereas, hygiene deals with the status, job security, salary , benefits and other facilities to be enjoyed by the workers. Semco had undertaken this theory by removing the middle managers of the organization. The work was settled among the workers, where it was under their responsibility to produce better products using innovative and cost effective techniques. Secondly, it provided the workers with the choice of settling their own salary. This shows that the firm had followed the theory, fulfilling both the two factors for the workers. Mcclelland’s human motivation theory deals with three dominant motivating factors, affiliation, achievement and power. This theory suggests that in a diversified organization, it is very important to motivate the employees based upon their expectations (Mi ner, 2015). Semco had been able to implement these criteria where it provides the availability of reward systems, empowerment plan system and the independence of the workers to set their own salary. These two theories have been quite vital in supporting the strategic plans undertaken by the organization. According to Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Theory, a particular pattern of psychological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self actualization and self transcendence have been taken into consideration (Lester, 2013). It states that according to the complexity of the human brain, this theory had been developed which helped in acknowledging the likelihood of the people thereby identifying the basic forms of motivation the company need to implement. Semco had evaluated Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory, thereby analysing the most important factors for the workers of the firm. These factors are transformed into extra benefits, services, reliability, and job satisfaction. Among the listed factors, the major factors selected by the firm are psychological needs, love and belonging towards the family and self-transcendence. The ERG Theory under motivational needs have been implemented by altered further. It aims at providing the basic requirement and necessities. It has three dominant char acteristics of existence, relatedness and growth (L?z?roiu, 2015). Semco had been quite crucial in maintaining the factors to affect the reliability of the workers towards the firm. Semco has granted the opportunity to its workers to discuss the main matters of the organization, thereby disposing the manuals of the previous regime. It provided its workers with the opportunity to include their own ideas and innovative measures of production. He empowered his workers with a negotiated salary along with a percentage of the company’s profit. The existing structure of Semco was a part of the bureaucratic design where a bureaucracy can be described as a form of organisation based on logic, order and the legitimate use of formal authority. Its distinguishing features include a clear-cut division of labour, a strict hierarchy of authority, formal rules and procedures, and promotion based on competency. Semco had been facing various kinds of tensions that could have been solved and handled in a better way. Hence, a transformational change for such existing scenario of the firm was necessary. One of the most important sources of tension in the existing structure was the organizational structure. Semco was considered as a typically hierarchical management structure with a patriarchal figure as leader. The organization had a core management layer of seven steps, where the managers had been experiencing a fixed position. By following this method in the company, the lower level workers and members of the firm had been facing sever e issues with the management team. While taking a particular decision regarding the well-being of the firm, the workers were not included. Various levels of managers were given the authority of making plans for the firm. By implementing the transformational change over the structure of the organization, Semler had provided the incentive for the firm to implement variations in the organization with lesser complications (Birkinshaw, 2015). The second source of tension with the existing structure of the firm was related to the various job titles and maintenance of non-transparency in salaries.   Bureaucracies become unwieldy and rigid in nature, which needs to be implemented from the high authorities of the organization (Gollenia, 2016). Various job titles in the organization, makes the organizational structure complicated and distributive. There is a los of unity among the members of the firm. Along with the job titles, there had been narrow span of control of the firm, where only the management team was responsible to take decisions. By implementing the transformational change, Richard Semler had been able to overcome the issue of job titles by eliminating them. It had even maintained the transparency over the salaries provided by the firm (Neubert, 2016). The salaries were written on the blackboard thereby not providing any scope for the workers to feel de-motivated. It provided the workers with the title of associ ates in the organization, where it had given them the opportunity to frame their own groups depending upon their needs, choose their own package of salaries, and shift time for work. Transformational changes undertaken by an organization is considered to be adhered to certain changes that would be totally opposite to the past structure of the firm. These changes prove to improve the current situation of the firm, along with some risks to be inferred. The risks that are associated with the transformational changes for the organization must be adhered to, so that it does not alter the motive for such changes in the company. The changes that were undertaken by Richard Semlar in Semco were quite different from the normal business practices that had some associated risks with it. One of the most important risk associated was the change in the management structure of the firm. Tough it had reflected positively in the well being of the organization, yet, dismissing all the top management of the organization might pose severe risk. The senior management team were solely responsible for the past decisions that had been taken. These past decisions and their experience migh t have been helpful in implementing the plans. The second risk associated to the change plan transparency in income. With the transparency in income of all the partners, counsellors and associates in the firm, there was a possibility of de-motivating the workers in spite of motivating them. Transparency without a clear salary policy generated by the firm poses certain threats to the well being of the firm (Wang, 2016. ). The third risk-associated with the transformational plan had been the implementation of empowerment plan in the company. According the plan, the workers of the firm had the authority to enjoy certain percentage of the company’s profit along with their salaries. This plan had given them the incentive of working better for their organization. Semler himself was not sure regarding the success of the empowerment plan. Though the plan had affected the company in a sustainable and positive manner, yet, with a slight change in the views of the workers, the plan would have been quite abrupt in nature (Hayes, 2014). The workers might have been over confident regarding the importance provided to them, thereby posing a threat for the firm to function negatively. Semco has been one of the ideal companies that had been positively affected by transformational changes. It had quite beneficially implemented the changes, which existed in the firm. In order to manage the firm better, there must be a provision for motivating the people with respect to the diversified nature. Birkinshaw, J.., 2015. What Lessons Should We Learn From Valve’s Innovative Management Model?. Journal of Organization Design, pp.4(2), pp.8-9. Gollenia, L.A.., 2016. Business Transformation Management Methodology.. Routledge. Hayes, J.., 2014. The theory and practice of change management.. Palgrave Macmillan.. L?z?roiu, G.., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance.. Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, pp.(14), pp.97-102. Lester, D.., 2013. Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.. Psychological Reports, pp.113(1), pp.15-17. Maresco, P.A. & York, C.C.., 2005. Ricardo Semler: Creating Organizational Change Through Employee Empowered Leadership. Resource document, Academic Leadership Online Journal, available at: https://www. newunionism. net/library/case, 20.. Miner, J.B.., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mintzberg, H.., 1994. The fall and rise of strategic planning. Harvard business review., pp.72(1), pp.107-114. Neubert, M.J.a.D.B.., 2016. Developing sustainable management theory: goal-setting theory based in virtue.. Management Decision, pp. 54(2), pp.304-320. Park, S.C.a.R.S.Y.., 2013. An empirical investigation of end-users’ switching toward cloud computing: A two factor theory perspective.. Computers in Human Behavior, pp.29(1), pp.160-170. Van der Voet, J.., 2014. The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure.. European Management Journal, pp.32(3), pp.373-382. Wang, Q.., 2016.. The Choice of Salary Transparency.

Green IT Strategies and Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Green IT Strategies and Applications - Essay Example There is a need to develop consensus and awareness among the corporations and hierarchy alike as to how implementing green based IT approach will benefit them both (Unhelkar, 2011). Is it an indirect condemnation of capitalism and promotion of capitalism? Without insight, this statement of the author can be easily taken out of context and preached as pro communist but in reality this is not the case here. The author simply means that in blind pursuit of profits for the company several important things like green IT measures are forgotten along the way which can benefit both the society and the corporation but is not seen by these public private entities because of blind following of profiteering and lack of vision. The political set up has nothing to do with it except implementing it and making legislations regarding it that will enable the green IT revolution to flourish. Other than that is strictly irrelevant to the cause. West and East Germany, People’s Republic of China an d Soviet Union as communist states were supposed to give equality and life of equal living to its citizens but in the environmental they had failed miserably (In case of China, it is still failing to address this issue). This went wrong not because they were communists. It went wrong because they failed to identify and correct the long term problems that come associated with industrialization like lower emissions and less nitrogenous content in the atmosphere. Why isn’t anyone implementing these Green IT procedures when they are proved to be more profitable? In the race for getting more profits, markets and control, the companies fail to address the longevity of the issues facing the world like pollution, perceived shortage of power and the recent issue of IT junk. The lack of implementation in this regard will also hurt the very environment which the corporations rely on to buy their products and services. The green IT ways are more efficient both monetarily and function wis e and it’s a dire need to create awareness about them at all levels of corporate and governmental enterprises. The implementation of these practices will not only result in increased profits and versatility (e.g. cloud hosting) to these organizations but it will also set a healthy trend in the market encouraging more and more to go green. As the new lean concept that was previously strictly the domain of Japanese Auto manufacturers making its way to companies around the world, the reduction of waste and careful monetary inspection of each process getting more and more importance, these efficient green IT products and upgrades are soon hopeful of making entry to the corporate fold (Jones, 2012). Is change in attitude towards green IT really positive or could it be coercion to transfer to new ways? The author clearly states that there are financial benefits to be reaped if an organization shifts to green IT applications, hardware and waste management so if there are monetary an d environmental benefits available at the same time one should really go for it and there should be no coercion involved. The author has over emphasized some points like the environmental benefits and the corporations lacking vision but if you see it the other way, we can feel that if lower